The Second Law of Thermodynamics

Kelvin-Planck and Clausius, heat engines, refrigerators, and the Carnot cycle.

The Second Law establishes the direction and the limits of energy transformations. In this module you will study heat engines, refrigerators, and the Carnot cycle.

What you will learn

  • State the Second Law in the Kelvin-Planck and Clausius formulations.
  • Analyze heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps, and their efficiency.
  • Understand the Carnot cycle and the concept of reversibility.

Study tip

Clearly distinguish the thermal efficiency of an engine from the coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator or heat pump.

Slides

Slides will be available here soon.